Final answer:
The FCC determined that the fairness doctrine had a chilling effect on freedom of speech in 1985.
Step-by-step explanation:
The FCC determined that the fairness doctrine had a chilling effect on freedom of speech in 1985. The fairness doctrine was a policy that required broadcasters to cover controversial issues in a balanced manner. Critics argued that it limited debate and placed the government in the role of editor, leading to its repeal in 1987.