Final answer:
In the 1980s, cable and satellite television networks challenged the monopoly of major networks. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 brought changes to the industry.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the 1980s, representatives of cable and satellite television networks challenged the monopoly held by the major networks that continued to broadcast over the air. Cable networks utilizing satellite broadcasts disrupted the industry and resulted in specialized channels meant to appeal to specific groups of consumers. Cable television networks started receiving nearly as much advertising revenue as the major networks. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 brought significant changes to the radio and television industries, reducing competition and increasing the number of conglomerates.