Final answer:
In Watson and Rayner's study, the unconditioned stimulus (US) was the loud clanging sound. After conditioning, the white rat became the conditioned stimulus (CS), triggering a conditioned response (CR) of fear. The concept demonstrated when Little Albert feared similar furry objects is called stimulus generalization.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Watson and Rayner's famous "Little Albert" study, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) was c. the loud clanging sound. An unconditioned stimulus is something that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any learning. In this case, the loud noise produced a fear response in Little Albert, which is known as the unconditioned response (UCR).
After repeatedly pairing the white rat (initially a neutral stimulus) with the loud clanging sound, the white rat became a conditioned stimulus (CS) and the fear response that Little Albert exhibited in the presence of the rat became the conditioned response (CR).
In response to question 6, the phenomenon that Little Albert displayed after being conditioned to fear the white rat, and then beginning to be afraid of other furry white objects is known as d. stimulus generalization. This is where a conditioned response starts occurring in response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.
Whereas the experiments by Mary Cover Jones with Little Peter served as a kind of sequel to the Little Albert study, where she attempted to uncondition the fear response that the child had towards rabbits.