Final answer:
The systematic name of Mg(NO3)2 is magnesium nitrate, consisting of magnesium cations (Mg2+) and nitrate anions (NO3-).
Step-by-step explanation:
The systematic name of Mg(NO3)2 is magnesium nitrate. In this ionic compound, magnesium acts as the cation with a +2 charge, represented as Mg2+, and the nitrate ion acts as the anion with a -1 charge, represented as NO3−. Since each nitrate ion has a -1 charge, two nitrate ions are needed to balance the +2 charge of the magnesium ion, hence the subscript '2' in the formula. The nitrates are polyatomic ions, and when naming the compound systematically, the name of the metal (magnesium) is followed by the name of the polyatomic ion (nitrate) without changing its ending.