Final answer:
A SQL injection attack is a type of cyber attack where an attacker inserts malicious SQL statements into a website's database query. Defenses against SQL injection attacks include input validation and sanitization, the use of prepared statements, and applying the least privilege principle.
Step-by-step explanation:
What is a SQL Injection Attack?
A SQL injection attack is a type of cyber attack where an attacker inserts malicious SQL statements into a website's database query. The goal is to manipulate or extract data, bypass authentication, or disrupt the functioning of the website. This type of attack takes advantage of vulnerabilities in the website's code that does not properly sanitize user inputs.
Defenses Against SQL Injection Attacks
1. Input Validation and Sanitization: Validate and sanitize all user inputs to eliminate any potentially malicious SQL statements. This can involve using input validation functions, escaping special characters, or using parameterized queries.
2. Use Prepared Statements: Prepared statements, also known as parameterized queries, can prevent SQL injection attacks by separating the SQL code from user input. The user input is treated as data rather than executable code, making it much harder for attackers to manipulate the query.
3. Least Privilege Principle: Ensure that the database user accounts have the minimum necessary privileges to access and modify data. By restricting access, the impact of a SQL injection attack can be minimized.