Final answer:
The theory that discusses how older people adjust to the aging process and links successful aging to three main factors is called the theory of selective optimization with compensation. Other important theories include the activity theory, the disengagement theory, and the continuity theory, each offering a different perspective on aging.
Step-by-step explanation:
Theories on Adjusting to Aging
The theory that explains how older people adjust and adapt to the aging process and posits that successful aging is related to three main factors is known as the theory of selective optimization with compensation. Developed by Baltes and Baltes in 1990, this theory suggests that successful personal development throughout life is based on the balance of selection, optimization, and compensation, especially as people navigate the losses and gains associated with aging. Two other critical theories within this theme are the activity theory and the disengagement theory. The activity theory implies that staying active socially, mentally, and physically can lead to a more satisfying elder age. The disengagement theory, on the other hand, suggests that it is natural for older adults to withdraw from social roles and relationships as they age. Each theory provides a lens through which we can understand the complex process of aging.
Among the functionalist social theories, the continuity theory also plays a significant role in explaining how elder individuals adjust to aging by making choices that emphasize consistency in their internal and external structures, enabling them to remain active and involved in their community to maintain social equilibrium. This range of theories spotlights the importance of social connectedness, physical health, and personal choices in the experience of aging.