Final answer:
Emma is unemployed and experiencing frictional unemployment, which is a normal part of the job market for individuals in between jobs or looking for their first employment after changes such as relocation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Emma is unemployed and her situation can be described as frictional unemployment. Frictional unemployment occurs when people are in between jobs or are looking for their first jobs. It is a normal aspect of a healthy economy, as people voluntarily leave jobs for various reasons such as relocation, as in Emma's case, or to seek better employment opportunities.
In order to be counted as unemployed, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, an individual must meet three criteria: be currently jobless, be actively seeking work, and be available to take a job. Since Emma recently quit her job to move closer to her friends and family, and is currently working with an employment agency to find a new job, she meets all three criteria for unemployment.
As she left her job voluntarily and is actively seeking new employment, Emma's situation is a classic example of frictional unemployment.
College students who graduate and are looking for work would also fall into this category, as they are seeking their first job and are willing to work, making them part of the frictionally unemployed population.