Final answer:
The three main sub-disciplines in Geography are Human Geography, Topical Geography, and Physical Geography. Geography encompasses studies of the earth's surface and human societies, and engages with specialized tools like GIS and GPS to examine spatial patterns and relationships. Option D is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The three main sub-disciplines or areas in Geography are Human Geography, Physical Geography, and a third area which is often thematic or topical, depending on the specialization. Thus, the correct answer to the question would be D) 1) Human Geography, 2) Topical Geography, 3) Physical Geography.
Human Geography studies human activities and their relationship to the earth, including topics like population, culture, politics, and urban dynamics. Physical Geography involves the study of natural aspects such as climate change, biogeography, and geomorphology. A topical or thematic area within Geography might include specific subjects like environmental geography, which examines the intersections of physical and human geographies.
Geography explores both the physical characteristics of the earth's surface and the human societies spread across it. The field also examines the relationships between human activity and the natural environment, which often involves using tools like GIS (Geographic Information Systems), GPS (Global Positioning Systems), and remote sensing to study spatial patterns and processes.
Additionally, geographic concepts such as the grid system of latitude and longitude and the importance of the earth's tilt and seasonal changes underscore the subject's breadth and the analytical approaches used by geographers.