Final answer:
The Nuremberg Code established that research participants must give informed consent, ensuring the safety and protection of their rights, autonomy, and confidentiality.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Nuremberg Code was the first international code to emphasize the critical requirement that research participants must give their informed consent before participating in a study. This involves a process where the risks of participation are clearly and comprehensively explained to subjects. Additionally, the code established that trials must prioritize the safety and dignity of participants, outlining that any potential benefits do not outweigh an individual’s rights and wellbeing. Following the horrors of unethical experimentation during World War II, such guidelines became essential for governing human experimentation and clinical trials. In today’s research landscape, every study involving humans must be vetted by an Institutional Review Board (IRB), which enforces these ethical standards to safeguard participant welfare, uphold their autonomy, and maintain privacy and confidentiality.