Final answer:
The type of memory involved in information processing for decision-making and language is working memory. Semantic processing offers better retention of verbal information, as part of the effortful processing that makes memories more durable.
Step-by-step explanation:
The memory process involved in the manipulation and assembling of information during decision-making, problem solving, and language comprehension is part of working memory, which is a critical function in the processing and storage of information. Specifically, working memory is an aspect of short-term memory that allows us to hold and manipulate information temporarily.
When it comes to encoding verbal information for better memory, semantic processing, which requires thinking about the meaning of words, has been shown to be more effective than just visual or acoustic processing. This type of deeper processing leads to more durable and accessible memories, as it is connected to effortful processing and elaborative rehearsal. Overall, memory involves a sophisticated system encompassing different processes such as encoding, storing, and retrieving information, within which explicit and implicit memories are formed and utilized.