Final answer:
Ransomware is malicious software that encrypts a user's data and demands payment for its release. It is deployed through phishing, exploitation of vulnerabilities, and social engineering. Strong cybersecurity practices are essential to defend against ransomware.
Option 'B' is the correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
A form of malicious software that is designed to block access to a computer or network system until a specified amount of money is paid is called Ransomware. Ransomware is a type of malware, which is a broader category of malicious software that can include viruses, trojans, and other harmful programs.
Unlike a virus, which is typically designed to corrupt or modify files, or a trojan, which misleads users of its true intent, ransomware specifically locks or encrypts the user's data, demanding a ransom payment to restore access.
Hackers deploy ransomware through various methods, including phishing emails to lure individuals into clicking malicious links, exploiting security vulnerabilities in websites and networks, and social engineering tactics to trick people into revealing sensitive information.
It is essential for individuals and organizations to adopt robust cybersecurity measures to protect against ransomware attacks. This includes regular updates of software to patch vulnerabilities, employee education on the dangers of suspicious emails and links, and maintaining backups of important data so that a ransomware attack doesn't result in irretrievable data loss.