Final answer:
When an employee resigns and provides notice, it is called a voluntary separation. This is different from involuntary separations like layoffs or downsizing and is relevant to organizational behavior and human resource management. Option D is correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
When an employee provides a resignation stating her intention to leave the organization within a specified period of time, it is referred to as a voluntary separation. Unlike involuntary separations such as lay-offs or downsizing, where the decision is made by the employer due to economic reasons, organizational restructuring, or performance issues, a voluntary resignation is initiated by the employee.
The concept of voluntary resignation is crucial in the study of organizational behavior and human resource management as it can impact the remaining workforce in terms of morale and productivity.
Employers with more than 100 employees are required to provide written notice 60 days before plant closings or significant layoffs, as mandated by laws intended to protect workers. Instances where workers are laid off due to a recession, changes in demand, or relocation of production facilities fall into various categories of unemployment such as cyclical, frictional, or structural unemployment, depending on the underlying causes. Nonetheless, these are all forms of involuntary separations, in contrast to the situation described by the resignation of an employee, which is voluntary.
In summary, the correct option for an employee's self-initiated departure with notice is D. Voluntary.