Final answer:
The appraisal system that measures performance based on qualities specific to a position is the Competency based appraisal system, not the 360-degree feedback system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of performance appraisal system that focuses on performance as measured against specified qualities for each position, rather than specific tasks or behaviors, is the Competency based appraisal system. This system emphasizes the assessment of an employee's skills, behaviors, and traits that are deemed necessary for success in a specific job role.
It differs from the 360-degree feedback system, where an employee's appraisal derives from a combination of ratings by supervisors, peers, subordinates, occasionally outside observers like customers, and even the employee themselves. The 360-degree feedback system is designed to offer multiple perspectives on job performance and aims to improve effectiveness through individual and organizational learning.