Final answer:
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common respiratory disorder marked by airway obstruction during sleep, often recognized by symptoms such as snoring and daytime fatigue. Diagnosis is made through a sleep study, and treatment often includes the use of CPAP machines and lifestyle changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder, affecting individuals of varying ages, with higher prevalence among those who are overweight, smoke, or have other health conditions like diabetes. This condition is caused by the blockage of the airway during sleep due to varied reasons such as excess relaxation of the tongue and throat muscles or excessive adipose tissue in the neck region. Symptoms like loud snoring, daytime sleepiness, and restlessness during sleep may signal the presence of sleep apnea.
Diagnosis typically involves a sleep study to monitor multiple aspects of a patient's health while they sleep. Treatments range from lifestyle changes and positional sleep adjustments to medical interventions including the use of a CPAP machine, which keeps the airway open by providing a constant flow of air. Recognizing and treating OSA is crucial as it can lead to serious health issues and impact daily activities.