Final answer:
Random sampling provides external validity, enabling the results to be generalized to the greater population. A representative, probability sample is key to capturing accurate public opinion, and the quality of a poll is assessed based on margin of error and representativeness, among other factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
Since the polling organization employed random sampling, the research is said to have external validity. External validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people. To ensure that the sample represents the larger population, probability sampling is used where every individual in the entire target population has an equal chance of being selected. The results from such samples can then be used to make inferences about public opinion.
It is crucial for the sample to not only be random but also representative of the population to accurately reflect the demographics and viewpoints of the state's residents. Factors like timing, social pressure, lack of knowledge, and human nature can affect the results, and a scientific poll aims to minimize these through careful design and implementation. When assessing the quality of a poll, one should consider the margin of error, polling dates, number of respondents, clarity and bias of the questions, and how well the sample represents the population.