Question

________ broke the constraints of ________, which emphasized that learning was the direct consequence of conditioning to stimuli.

Question 40 options:
a)
Observational learning; classical conditioning
b)
Latent learning; behaviorism
c)
behaviorism, latent learning
d)
Latent learning; operant conditioning

Answer 1

Latent learning demonstrated that organisms can learn without immediate reinforcement, challenging the core ideas of behaviorism that focused on direct conditioning.

Step-by-step explanation:

Latent learning broke the constraints of behaviorism, which emphasized that learning was the direct consequence of conditioning to stimuli. This change in understanding came from the work of Edward C. Tolman, who showed that organisms can learn without immediate reinforcement. While two forms of associative learning are classical conditioning and operant conditioning, where associations are made between events that occur together or where behavior is associated with its consequences, respectively, latent learning illustrates that there is a cognitive aspect to how organisms process and use information unseen in immediate behavior.