Question

Ivan Pavlov

Question 23 options:
a)
is famous for first demonstrating the power of observational learning.
b)
established the principles of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs.
c)
is famous for for demonstrating latent learning with rats learning to run a maze.
d)
established the principles of operant conditioning through experiments with pigeons.

Answer 1

Ivan Pavlov is known for establishing the principles of classical conditioning. He demonstrated this by training dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell, making (b) the correct answer choice.

Step-by-step explanation:

Ivan Pavlov is best known for establishing the principles of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs. Pavlov's experiments involved training dogs to associate the sound of a bell (a neutral stimulus) with receiving food (an unconditioned stimulus), which naturally caused them to salivate (an unconditioned response). Over time, the dogs began to salivate in response to the bell alone, demonstrating a learned or conditioned response. This was a pivotal discovery in the field of psychology, showcasing how organisms can learn to associate a stimulus with a significant event, leading to a change in behavior.

Option (b) in the question is the correct answer: Pavlov established the principles of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs. This contrasts with operant conditioning, characterized by animals learning to associate their own behavior with consequences, like a dog learning to push a lever to receive food, and observational learning, where learning occurs by watching the actions of others.