Final answer:
In Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment, the unconditioned response and the conditioned response are both (a) salivation, but the former is in response to food, and the latter is in response to a bell after conditioning.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Pavlov's classic experiment with dogs, the unconditioned response is salivation in reaction to the presentation of food, which is the unconditioned stimulus. After conditioning, the conditioned response is also salivation, but this time it is in response to the sound of the ringing bell, which has become the conditioned stimulus.
Initially, the dogs would not salivate at the sound of a bell; it was only after the bell was paired with the presentation of food several times that the dogs began to salivate in anticipation of food whenever they heard the bell. Over the course of the experiments, salivation in response to the bell alone became a new learned behavior, demonstrating the principles of classical conditioning.
Thus, the correct answer to the student's question is: In Pavlov's classic experiment with dogs, the unconditioned response is salivation; the conditioned response is salivation.