Final answer:
When a person or animal connects stimuli or events that occur together, this is known as c) associative learning, which includes classical and operant conditioning.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a person or animal makes connections between stimuli or events that occur together, they are exemplifying associative learning. This type of learning involves the process where an organism learns to connect certain stimuli or events that occur together in the environment. There are two main forms of associative learning: classical conditioning and operant conditioning. In classical conditioning, organisms learn to associate events that repeatedly happen together, such as the famous experiment by Pavlov, where dogs learned to salivate at the sound of a bell when it was repeatedly paired with the presentation of food. In operant conditioning, an organism learns to associate a behavior with its consequences, like a dolphin doing flips for a reward of fish after hearing a whistle.