Final answer:
Sea turtles heading towards the ocean and joeys moving to their mother's pouch after birth are examples of instincts, which are complex unlearned behaviors that organisms are born with.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch immediately after birth are examples of instincts. Instincts are unlearned behaviors that organisms are born with, which are triggered by broad events such as maturation or environmental changes.
These behaviors are complex patterns of activity that involve the movement of the organism as a whole and involve higher brain centers. Unlike reflexes, which are more simplistic and involve specific body parts responding to specific stimuli, instincts guide such behaviors as the migration of animals or the immediate behavior of sea turtle hatchlings moving toward the ocean. Therefore, the correct answer to this question is 'instincts' (d).