Final Answer:
When sociologists refer to a patriarchal society, they are describing a society where power and authority are predominantly held by men, and social structures reinforce male dominance.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a patriarchal society, power dynamics are skewed in favor of men, and societal structures, norms, and institutions uphold and perpetuate male dominance. This means that men often hold key positions of authority in politics, economics, and social spheres. Patriarchy influences various aspects of life, from family structures to workplace dynamics, shaping societal expectations and reinforcing traditional gender roles. This system not only impacts individuals' access to opportunities and resources but also contributes to the perpetuation of gender inequalities.
Understanding a society as patriarchal involves examining how gender-based hierarchies influence social interactions, institutional practices, and the distribution of power.