Final answer:
The medial longitudinal arch is the highest arch of the foot, created by the calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, and the medial metatarsal bones, helping in weight distribution and arch support.
Step-by-step explanation:
The highest arch of the foot, formed by the calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, and the medial metatarsal bones, is called the medial longitudinal arch. This arch is part of the foot's complex structure, which also includes the transverse arch and the lateral longitudinal arch, helping with weight distribution and providing support for various types of terrain.
The calcaneus, or heel bone, is the largest bone in the foot and works in conjunction with the talus - the bone at the top of the arch - to transfer body weight onto the ground. Forward from the calcaneus is the navicular bone, followed by the three cuneiform bones and the medial metatarsals, creating the medial-lateral curvature of the foot known as the transverse arch.