Final answer:
Data in social studies can be qualitative or quantitative and is gathered through observation, surveys, and archival research, involving both current events and historical records.
Step-by-step explanation:
​Data can be gathered both as events occur, as well as from records of past events. In the context of social studies, which often involves a combination of historical analysis and sociology, this data can be qualitative or quantitative in nature. For instance, a researcher conducting fieldwork may rely on observation as a method of data collection. This involves taking detailed notes during events, which might range from a single visit to multiple visits over a lengthier period. To ensure comprehensive data collection, researchers must consider the period and frequency of the events they investigate.
When dealing with data gathered from observations or archival research, researchers must be aware of the potential limitations. For example, a single observation session may yield only partial information, highlighting the importance of longitudinal research for a more complete understanding. In social studies research, preliminary work and data recording may be logged, for instance, in a research log.
Data can come from a population or a sample, and encompasses everything from personal events, such as receiving a paycheck regularly, to societal phenomena observed and recorded over time. Additionally, surveys may collect both quantitative data, which can include demographics that can be statistically analyzed, and qualitative data, which provides more explanatory information based on in-depth interviews, focus groups, or content analysis.