Final answer:
The statement is false as structured observation involves specific, predetermined tasks and behaviors to monitor, offering less flexibility than implied by the question. The correct option is - b. False.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that structured observation is used for studies in which flexibility is allowed in terms of what is noted and recorded is false. Structured observation involves the researcher setting up specific tasks or situations and carefully monitoring participants' behavior in these controlled circumstances to collect data. This method offers less flexibility since the observer is focused on specific behaviors of interest predetermined by the study's design.
An example of structured observation is the Strange Situation procedure by Mary Ainsworth, which evaluates infants' attachment styles to their caregivers. Observational studies, such as structured observation, require detailed planning and often significant resources, but they are crucial for collecting valid, real-life data. To prevent observer bias and ensure data accuracy, researchers set clear criteria for recording behaviors and often employ inter-rater reliability checks.