Final answer:
The infraspinatus and teres minor are the muscles that laterally rotate the arm at the glenohumeral joint.So, in response to the multiple-choice question, the correct choices for the muscles that laterally rotate the arm are: C) Latissimus dorsi and D) Teres major.
Step-by-step explanation:
The muscles responsible for laterally rotating the arm at the glenohumeral joint include the infraspinatus and the teres minor. While the deltoid can facilitate lateral rotation to some extent, it is primarily an abductor of the arm. The infraspinatus and teres minor are specific to the task of lateral rotation. The pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, being axial muscles, are involved in different movements; the pectoralis major is primarily responsible for flexion, adduction, and medial rotation, while the latissimus dorsi assists in adduction, medial rotation, and extension of the arm at the shoulder.