Final answer:
The rotator cuff functions to stabilize and support the shoulder joint by maintaining the position of the humerus within the glenoid cavity and allowing various upper limb movements. This is achieved through the coordinated action and tendons of four muscles: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The overall, general function of all muscles of the rotator cuff is to provide stability and support to the shoulder joint, particularly by holding the head of the humerus within the glenoid cavity. The four muscles comprising the rotator cuff—supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis—originate from the scapula and attach to the humerus. By encircling the head of the humerus, their tendons fortify the articular capsule, effectively serving as dynamic ligaments that help in resisting forces acting on the shoulder.
Furthermore, these muscles play a significant role in enabling various movements of the upper limb, while also maintaining the structural integrity of the shoulder. The tendons of these muscles, along with the subacromial and subscapular bursae, prevent friction and provide seamless joint function. When these muscles or tendons are damaged, as often seen in athletes like baseball pitchers, the shoulder's stability and mobility can be severely compromised, highlighting their critical role in musculoskeletal health.