Final answer:
The most formal and rigid organizational structure is the functional structure, characterized by a hierarchical authority and division of labor, which fits the ideal type of a bureaucracy as described by Max Weber. A. Functional structure
Step-by-step explanation:
The most formal and rigid of all the organization structures is A. Functional structure. A functional structure is characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality, which are all defining characteristics of a bureaucracy. Pioneer sociologist Max Weber characterized this organizational format. In contrast to this rigidity, other organizational structures, such as the matrix structure (B), the divisional structure (C), and the product-based structure (D) offer varying degrees of flexibility and cross-functional collaboration.
In modern society, we observe that large bureaucracies like hospitals, schools, and governments can be hampered by their organizational structure in the face of rapid change and technological advancement. Notably, bureaucracy is prevalent not only in the public sector but also in private and nonprofit sectors, affecting the operational efficiency of these organizations. In recent times, there has been a shift towards more collaborative and flat organizational structures inhibiting the inadequacies often associated with traditional bureaucracies.