Final answer:
Eating disorders can have both environmental and biological causes. Environmental risk factors include abuse, parental control, fragile self-identity, and social isolation. Genetic predisposition and imbalances in neurotransmitters and hormones are biological factors that can increase the risk of eating disorders. The correct option is d) Perfectionism and societal pressure
Step-by-step explanation:
Eating disorders can be caused by a combination of biological and environmental factors. Some of the environmental risk factors include being abused as a child, tight parental control over eating habits, a fragile sense of self-identity, and social isolation. The cultural idealization of thinness in females can also contribute to the development of eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
On the other hand, some biological factors that may increase the risk of eating disorders include genetic predisposition and imbalances in neurotransmitters and hormones that regulate appetite and eating behavior. For example, deregulation of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, as well as hormones like leptin and ghrelin, can affect appetite and may lead to disordered eating. The correct option is d) Perfectionism and societal pressure