Final answer:
The thyrohyoid muscle extends from the thyroid cartilage of the larynx to the hyoid bone, and it is involved in speech and swallowing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The muscle that extends from the thyroid cartilage of the larynx to the hyoid bone is called the thyrohyoid muscle. This muscle is involved in the control of speech by adjusting the tension in the larynx and in swallowing by elevating the larynx and the thyroid cartilage. The thyrohyoid muscle works in conjunction with other infrahyoid muscles such as the omohyoid, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid to depress the hyoid bone and control the position of the larynx.