Final answer:
The method of collecting and analyzing work samplings or employee logs is classified as observational. A cluster survey design is used when interviewing all employees in selected departments, and a systematic sampling design is applied when a health club surveys every tenth customer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Collecting and analyzing work samplings or reviewing employee logs is an example of an observational data collection method. Such methods involve analyzing existing records or directly observing behavior without interference.
Regarding the manager deciding to measure employee satisfaction by interviewing all employees in randomly selected departments, this constitutes a cluster survey design. Each department acts as a cluster, and all members within the selected clusters are sampled.
When every tenth customer is asked to complete a survey at a health club, this is a form of systematic sampling design. The selection of every tenth customer introduces a consistent interval for selecting participants.