Final answer:
The Earth is located less than 30,000 light-years from the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, and while our view is obscured by interstellar dust and gas, this position is well established in astronomy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Earth's location in the Milky Way Galaxy is not at the center or on the edge, but actually about < 30,000 light-years from the center of the Galaxy. Our position inside the Milky Way means we cannot easily see through to its far reaches due to interstellar gas and dust, especially as the gas and dust tend to clump into massive clouds which can obscure our view. The distance measurements we use within our galaxy and to other galaxies are in light-years, and while we can't see the entirety of the Milky Way due to these interstellar mediums, we are constantly gaining more understanding of our galaxy's structure and the local group of galaxies around us through ongoing astronomical research.