Final answer:
Osteoporosis is a bone condition affecting elderly adults due to an imbalance in bone formation and resorption, leading to decreased bone density and increased fracture risk. Hormonal changes, calcium and vitamin D intake, and lifestyle factors influence the development of osteoporosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Osteoporosis and Bone Density
Osteoporosis is a condition that commonly affects older adults, characterized by a significant reduction in bone density. It occurs when there is an imbalance between bone formation and resorption—the processes that maintain bone strength and structure. Normally, osteoblasts, the cells responsible for building new bone, work in harmony with osteoclasts, cells that break down old bone. However, in osteoporosis, the activity of osteoblasts decreases while osteoclast activity remains the same or increases. This imbalance leads to bones that are weaker, more brittle, and susceptible to fracture.
Several factors contribute to the risk of developing osteoporosis, including hormonal changes, inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D, lack of exercise, and certain medications and diseases. Genetic and environmental factors also play a crucial role in bone resorption. Notably, osteoporosis is the most common cause of fractures in the elderly. The disease often goes unnoticed until a fracture occurs because its development is silent and progressive, making regular bone density screenings important.