Final answer:
A joint capsule is a key structural feature of synovial joints that provides strength and protection by encasing the joint cavity and allowing movement. Ligaments and muscles support this capsule, ensuring the joint's stability and function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The joint capsule of connective tissue provides strength and protection to a synovial joint by enclosing the joint cavity. This capsule is attached to each bone just outside the articulating surface. Within this encapsulated space, the bones of the joint articulate with each other, allowing for movement while resisting dislocation.
Ligaments are crucial in supporting the joint further by anchoring the bones together and preventing excessive or abnormal joint movements. These ligaments can be extrinsic, intrinsic, or intracapsular based on their location relative to the articular capsule. Additional support is provided by the muscles and tendons that act across the joint, increasing the contractile strength when needed, which in turn aids in supporting the joint.
The articular cartilage, a thin layer of hyaline cartilage, covers the articulating bone surfaces within a synovial joint, providing a smooth, low-friction surface for joint movement.