Final answer:
The study in question is geology, which is a component of physical geography focused on Earth's physical structure, processes like plate tectonics, and the resulting geological features.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding the Study of Earth's Physical Structure
The study of Earth's physical structure and the processes that act upon it is known as geology. Geology is a branch of physical geography that includes the examination of the lithosphere, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, and the biosphere. It involves understanding how heat from the Earth's interior contributes to the formation of mountains, valleys, and volcanoes, and shapes the ocean basins and continents. This field of study was significantly advanced in the mid-20th century with the discovery of plate tectonics, which explained the formation of many of Earth's landforms.
Studying geology also involves looking at geologic structures, such as how tectonic forces bend and break rocks, which can result in stunning landscapes and features. These physical processes are also compared with geological activity on other planets, as geology can extend beyond Earth. The broader field of physical geography covers various studies like geomorphology, glaciology, and climatology, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the Earth and its dynamics.