Question

How does the synthesis of membranes start off?

Answer 1

Fatal familial insomnia primarily affects the thalamus, leading to the degeneration of neurons and glia, and disrupting sleep and other cognitive functions. This condition underscores the thalamus's key role in regulating neural signaling and consciousness.

Step-by-step explanation:

The part of the nervous system most affected by fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is the thalamus. FFI is a rare genetic disorder leading to the degeneration of thalamic neurons and glia. The thalamus plays a pivotal role as a gateway for sensory and motor signals to and from the cortex and is crucial in regulating consciousness, arousal, and sleep states. In FFI, the deterioration of the thalamus disrupts these functions, particularly sleep, which can lead to a variety of severe symptoms and eventually prove fatal.

The most affected part of the nervous system in fatal familial insomnia is the A. Thalamus.

Explain in 140 words: Fatal familial insomnia is a condition that primarily affects the thalamus, a central part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory and motor signals. The disease causes deterioration of neuron and glia cells within the thalamus, leading to impaired sleep, consciousness, and arousal regulation. The progressive damage to the thalamic region results in severe symptoms and is ultimately fatal, highlighting the thalamus's critical role in various neural functions.

Answer 2

The synthesis of membranes begins with the addition of lipids and proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is an integral part of the endomembrane system.

Step-by-step explanation:

The ER is responsible for the synthesis of phospholipids, the main component of cell membranes. Lipids are synthesized in the ER, and then transferred to the Golgi apparatus, where they are modified and packaged into vesicles. These vesicles then fuse with the cell membrane, incorporating the newly synthesized lipids into the membrane structure.

In addition to lipids, proteins also play a crucial role in membrane synthesis. Ribosomes on the ER membrane synthesize proteins, which are then inserted into the ER lumen or embedded within the ER membrane. These proteins undergo further modifications in the ER and Golgi apparatus, and are then transported to their final destination within the cell or inserted into the cell membrane. Together, the synthesis of lipids and proteins in the endomembrane system contributes to the growth and maintenance of cell membranes.

So therefore the synthesis of membranes starts with the addition of lipids and proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Lipids are synthesized in the ER and then transferred to the Golgi apparatus, from where they are incorporated into the cell membrane. Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes on the ER membrane and undergo modifications before being inserted into the membrane.