Final answer:
The Charity Organization Society was a pioneering entity in social welfare, established in London in 1869, which introduced 'scientific charity' and individual casework leading to modern social work. It sought to coordinate charitable efforts, emphasizing individual assistance and promoting personal responsibility. Leaders like Thomas Humphreys were critical to its development and the implementation of its philanthropic principles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Charity Organization Society (COS) was a pivotal entity in the history of social welfare. Founded in London in 1869 by Helen Bosanquet and Octavia Hill among others, it sought to coordinate charitable efforts in the city to more effectively assist the poor while avoiding duplication of aid. The COS introduced the concept of 'scientific charity', emphasizing individual casework to determine the specific needs of those seeking help and a systematized approach to aid, laying a foundation for what would become modern social work.
The functions of the COS extended to investigating the needs of applicants for assistance, guiding them to appropriate resources, and promoting self-help and personal responsibility. It aimed to bring more order and efficiency to aid distribution. The leaders of the COS played a crucial role in the development of the organization. Thomas Humphreys is one individual associated with its leadership, promoting the philosophy of 'friendly visitors' who were trained volunteers tasked with investigating and aiding the poor in their homes.
The COS's philosophy has had a lasting impact on the structure of charitable organizations and their functions within society. Notably, it contributed to the recognition of the importance of formal organizations and the development of bureaucracies within the charitable sector. Moreover, the COS is an early example of a non-profit organization, as it was funded through donations and focused on service rather than profit.