Final answer:
The Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program was replaced by Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) in 1996 as a result of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, known as welfare reform.
Step-by-step explanation:
The former income maintenance program that was replaced by Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) was Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). AFDC provided cash payments to mothers with children below the poverty line from the Great Depression until 1996. It was often simply referred to as 'welfare.' The shift from AFDC to TANF occurred when Congress passed and President Bill Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, also known as the 'welfare reform act' in 1996. TANF introduced significant changes, including giving grants to states to administer their welfare programs, imposing a five-year limit on benefits, and requiring recipients to demonstrate efforts to gain employment.