Final answer:
The behavioral perspective in psychology believes that humans learn behaviors through rewards, punishments, and by observing others. It is shaped by reinforcements and consequences outside of the individual, and includes concepts such as observational learning and self-efficacy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The contemporary perspective that believes humans learn their behaviors through rewards, punishments, and by observing others is the behavioral perspective in psychology.
Behaviorists, such as B.F. Skinner, argue that personality is shaped by reinforcements and consequences outside of the individual, and that behavior is learned through conditioning.
Albert Bandura, another psychologist, expanded on this perspective by emphasizing the role of thinking and reasoning in learning and proposing the concepts of reciprocal determinism, observational learning, and self-efficacy.