Final answer:
Positive punishment involves adding an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behavior, whereas negative reinforcement involves removing an undesirable stimulus to increase a favorable behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept of adding an undesirable stimulus to stop or decrease a behavior is known as positive punishment. This principle is a part of operant conditioning, a form of learning where behaviors are influenced by consequences. A classic example of positive punishment is when a teacher scolds a student to stop them from texting in class. The scolding is the undesirable stimulus added to try and decrease the behavior of texting.
Positive punishment aims to make a particular unwanted behavior less likely to occur in the future by adding an unpleasant stimulus immediately after the behavior. This is different from negative reinforcement, which involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase a favorable behavior. Both of these are essential concepts within the broader subject of operant conditioning and play crucial roles in behavior modification and learning processes.