Final answer:
Operant conditioning is a form of learning where the consequence of a behavior occurs after the behavior itself and influences future behavior, with reinforcement increasing likelihood and punishment decreasing likelihood.
Step-by-step explanation:
The form of learning in which the stimulus/experience happens after the behavior is demonstrated is known as operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is based on the principle that behaviors are influenced by the consequences that follow them. For example, if a student studies diligently (behavior) and consequently achieves a high grade (stimulus/experience), this positive outcome (a desirable stimulus) can increase the likelihood of the student studying hard in the future, which demonstrates positive reinforcement. Similarly, removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior is called negative reinforcement, whereas applying a punishment to decrease a behavior is known as positive or negative punishment, depending on whether an undesirable stimulus is added or a pleasant one is taken away.