Final answer:
The correct answer is that every state in the US elects 2 senators. This system ensures equal representation for each state in the Senate, with the 17th Amendment allowing for direct election of senators by voters.
Step-by-step explanation:
The US Senate is composed of two senators from each state, which is a fundamental aspect of its structure. This ensures equality among states, regardless of population size, with each senator serving a term of six years. Notably, the 17th Amendment, ratified in 1913, transitioned the election of senators from being chosen by state legislatures to a direct election by the people.
Another critical feature is that senators must meet specific criteria to qualify for their roles. They need to be over 30 years old, have been an American citizen for at least nine years, and reside in the state they represent. Additionally, senators may be re-elected for an unlimited number of terms.
The correct answer to the student's question is: a. Every state in the US elects 2 senators. The other options are incorrect as the number of senators does not depend on population (b), senators are not the only elected officials in Congress (c), and senators do not conduct judicial review (d).