Final answer:
Socialization (option d) is the correct term that refers to a sense of identity and perception of societal norms. It encompasses the learning of societal norms, beliefs, and values while allowing individuals to become proficient members of society.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that refers to a sense of identity and perception of societal norms is d. Socialization. Socialization is a sociological process through which individuals learn societal norms, beliefs, and values. It is through socialization that people come to understand societal expectations, accept society's beliefs, and become aware of societal values. This term is distinct from socializing, which is simply interacting with others. Rather, socialization is about being inculcated with the cultural standards and practices of the society one lives in.