Final answer:
The optimal time for planting seeds varies by plant species and local climate. Generally, seeds are best sown during the growing season when temperatures support growth and water is available. Winter annuals are an exception, capable of overwintering and flourishing in the spring.
Step-by-step explanation:
The best time of the year for establishing plants from seed depends on the specific plant species and the climate of the area. For example, wheat can be established as spring wheat, planted in late spring and harvested in late summer, or as winter wheat, planted in the fall and harvested in the late spring or summer. The growing season for plants is typically during the warm temperatures in spring, summer, and fall, when water is available and temperatures are high enough to sustain plant growth. Winter planting may require winter annuals that are adapted to germinate in the fall, overwinter, and flower in the spring. Warmer climates extend the growing season but also increase water and nutrient requirements, creating challenges such as pest infestations and increased risk of low productivity if not managed correctly.