Final answer:
The correct terms for the formulation of new memories and the retrieval of old memories are construction and reconstruction, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The formulation of new memories is sometimes referred to as construction, while the process of bringing up old memories is known as reconstruction. Memory construction involves creating new memories incorporating information gained from experiences. Memory reconstruction, on the other hand, is the process of retrieving memories from long-term storage, which can be influenced by new data and can result in changes or distortions of the original memory.
Whenever we recall past events, aspects of those memories may be altered by new experiences or information. This alteration isn't necessarily intentional but can occur during the memory retrieval process. It's important to note that memory retrieval, like recognition and relearning, relies on various cues and mechanisms to access the long-term memory storage.
Moreover, memory is not a perfect record of reality, it is subject to errors and distortions. Different elements of a memory are stored in disparate parts of the brain and are reconstructed when recalled, opening up possibilities for inaccuracies to arise. This is particularly relevant in situations where false memories can be created due to the suggestibility of human memory.