Final answer:
Memory involves three key processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the input of information, storage is its retention, and retrieval is accessing the stored information. The Atkinson-Shiffrin model describes how these functions lead to the formation of long-term memories.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Memory
Memory is defined as the retention of information or experience over time. The three important processes through which memory occurs are encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding involves the input of information into the memory system, storage is the retention of the encoded information, and retrieval is the act of getting the information out of memory and back into conscious awareness. According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory, information must go through the stages of sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory for it to be stored permanently.
Encoding can occur through automatic or effortful processing. Storage represents the creation of a permanent record of the encoded information. Lastly, retrieval involves accessing the stored information when needed. These functions are essential for converting experiences into lasting memories, which can be intricately involved with various parts of the brain.
It is important to note that long-term memory has an almost limitless capacity and is divided into implicit and explicit memory. These memory types along with processes like elaborative rehearsal, the levels of processing, and the use of mnemonic devices, play key roles in how we remember information.