Final answer:
Memory problems can involve issues with information encoding, storage, time effects, personal motivations, and brain health. Amnesia, interference, and memory errors like misattribution and false memories are contributing factors to forgetting. Researchers like Schacter and Loftus have provided insights into the functional mishaps of memory.
Step-by-step explanation:
Researchers have theories on memory issues, including potential disruptions at various stages like encoding, storage, and retrieval. Problems with memory can arise due to factors such as info in storage, the impact of time, the reason behind remembering or forgetting certain information, and the overall condition of the brain. Memory is a complex process that is prone to distortion and forgetting. Encoding failures and interference (both proactive and retroactive) are common issues that can result in forgetting. Strategies like mnemonic devices, rehearsal, and lifestyle factors including adequate sleep can enhance memory and improve retention.
For example, explicit memory involves conscious efforts to remember, while implicit memories are those we recall unconsciously. In the case of trauma-induced amnesia, individuals may lose memory for events that occur after or prior to the injury. Emotional arousal can also affect the strength of memories we form. Cognitive psychologists, like Schacter and Loftus, have contributed extensively to our understanding of memory errors and distortions such as the creation of false memories or the impact of misleading information on recall.