Final answer:
Retrieval is the process of bringing information from long-term memory back into conscious awareness. The three main types are recall, recognition, and relearning. Interference such as proactive and retroactive interference can hinder this process.
Step-by-step explanation:
The act of retrieving information out of long-term memory (LTM) storage and back into conscious awareness is called retrieval. There are primarily three ways to retrieve information: recall, recognition, and relearning. Recall refers to accessing information without cues, recognition involves identifying previously encountered information, and relearning is the process of learning information that you have recognized but not fully recalled.
Additionally, processes such as proactive interference and retroactive interference can cause retrieval issues, where old information hinders the recall of new information or new information hinders the recall of old information, respectively. Long-term memory, unlike short-term memory, is believed to have an unlimited capacity for storing information, and within it, memories can be explicit or implicit, each affecting how retrieval takes place.