Final answer:
Memory is organized through hierarchical and associative concepts within a system akin to a computer file cabinet. Processes of chunking, semantic networks, and memory models such as Atkinson-Shiffrin and Baddeley and Hitch contribute to the efficient functioning of memory encoding, storage, and retrieval.
Step-by-step explanation:
How Memory is Organized
Memory can be perceived as an information processing system, similar to a computer, where chunking and construction are key concepts in organizing information. Like a file cabinet, the mind creates 'files' or concepts to categorize and store information. These concepts function as big ideas that help organize and relate different elements of experiences. Our memory functions through three core processes: encoding, storing, and retrieving. These processes are part of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory, which includes three stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Additionally, the Baddeley and Hitch's working memory model expands on Atkinson and Shiffrin's model by introducing a visuospatial sketchpad, an episodic buffer, and a phonological loop, with a central executive to oversee the process.
Semantic networks also contribute to how memories are organized, where related concepts are linked together. For instance, the word 'butter' may automatically bring up an association with 'jelly'. Effective memory strategies include using mnemonic devices, ensuring adequate sleep for consolidation, and repeatedly rehearsing information. As different models of memory suggest, our recollection is influenced by how memory is organized, enabling efficient encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.