Final answer:
Memories are stored in the brain's temporal lobe, specifically in the hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum, with emotional experiences often enhancing the memory retention process.
Step-by-step explanation:
Memories are stored in different parts of the brain primarily in the temporal lobe, including the hippocampus and amygdala. The cerebellum processes procedural memories, the hippocampus encodes new memories, and the amygdala helps determine which memories will be stored. Memories are influenced by emotional experiences, which often enhance memory retention.
The different types of memories include sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). Sensory memory lasts for a very brief time, while STM can hold about seven pieces of information before they are forgotten or stored in LTM. LTM is where information is permanently kept, and includes both explicit memory, which is consciously recalled, and implicit memory that remains outside of conscious awareness. Memory storage involves encoding, storing, and retrieving processes.
Neurotransmitters and hormones strengthen memories, particularly those associated with emotional events, contributing to phenomena like flashbulb memories, where significant life events are vividly recollected. However, memory can be affected by errors such as suggestibility, transience, and misattribution, leading to potential inaccuracies.