Final answer:
The most abstract level of autobiographical memory is through semantic encoding, which results in better memory retention than visual or acoustic encoding due to its deeper level of processing and the self-reference effect.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most abstract level of autobiographical memories are those that involve semantic encoding. Compared to visual or acoustic encoding, semantic encoding engages a deeper level of processing, making it more effective for remembering verbal information. Researchers Craik and Tulving found that words encoded semantically were better remembered than those encoded visually or acoustically. Additionally, the self-reference effect suggests that information relating to oneself is remembered more effectively, which aligns with the advantages of semantic encoding as a strategy for memory retention. An example of semantically encoded words are abstract concepts like truth and value, which do not readily evoke a mental image but are understood through their meaning.
The most abstract level of audio biographical memories are encoded semantically. Semantic encoding involves a deeper level of processing than the shallower visual or acoustic encoding, allowing for better memory retention. For example, in a study conducted by psychologists Craik and Tulving, participants who processed words at a semantic level had better recall and recognition than those who processed words visually or acoustically.